Effect of the phospholipase A2 inhibitor Varespladib, and its synergism with crotalic antivenom, on the neuromuscular blockade induced by Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (with and without crotamine) in mouse neuromuscular preparations.

The venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus causes an irreversible neuromuscular blockade in isolated preparations due to action of the presynaptically-acting heterodimeric phospholipase A2 (PLA2) crotoxin. Some populations of this subspecies contain, in addition to crotoxin, the toxin crotamine, which acts directly on muscle fibers. In this study we used C. d. terrificus venoms with (crot+) or without (crot-) crotamine to test whether Varespladib, a PLA2 inhibitor, is able to abrogate the neuromuscular blockade induced by these venoms comparatively with crotalic antivenom. Mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations were exposed to venoms previously incubated with two different concentrations of Varepladib or antivenom, or with a mixture of these two agents, before addition to the bath. In another experimental setting, venoms were initially added to the system, followed by the addition of Varespladib or antivenom 10, 30, or 60 min after venom. At the highest concentrations tested, Varespladib and antivenom inhibited the action of the venom >80% and >70%, respectively. With lower concentrations the inhibition of neuromuscular blockade decreased, but when low doses of the two agents were incubated together with the venom, the inhibitory effect improved, underscoring a synergistic phenomenon. When added after venom, Varespladib was able to halt the progression of the neuromuscular blockade even when added at 60 min. Antivenom exhibited a lower ability to inhibit the toxic effect of the venoms in these conditions. In conclusion, the PLA2 inhibitor Varespladib is highly effective at abrogating the neuromuscular blocking activity of crotamine-positive and crotamine-negative C. d. terrificus venoms and seems to act synergistically with antivenom.

De G. Politzer et sa critique de l'inconscient de Freud au a-réalisme de J. Lacan / From G. Politzer and his critique of Freud's unconscious to J. Lacan's a-realism / De G. Politzer e sua crítica ao inconsciente de Freud ao a-realismo de J. Lacan / De G. Politzer y su critica al inconsciente de Freud al a-realismo de J. Lacan

En 1928, dans sa « Critique des Fondements de la Psychologie ¼, G. Politzer esquisse les traits d'une psychologie qui vise à réformer la psychologie expérimentale universitaire. S'appuyant sur la théorie des rêves de Freud, Politzer présente une conception de la psychologie tout à fait inédite à son époque. Lacan s'inspirera de ses travaux pour sa thèse sur la paranoïa, participant d'un débat violent au sein du mouvement communiste partagé entre anti-freudisme et freudo-marxisme. En donnant une place essentielle à la parole et au récit, Politzer revendiquait une psychologie concrète. Son refus de la doctrine freudienne, selon lui tributaire de la tradition métaphysique de la psychologie, incluait aussi l'hypothèse de l'inconscient dans une sévère critique du réalisme, inclusion qui ne sera pourtant jamais accepté par Lacan qui s'y opposera avec la prémisse que l'inconscient est structuré comme un langage. Cette orientation allait en toute logique imposer un réalisme de la structure qui s'articule, à son tour, à la faille de la cause empirique.

Em 1928, em sua Crítica aos Fundamentos da Psicologia, G. Politzer apresentou as características de uma psicologia que visava reformar a psicologia experimental universitária. Partindo da teoria dos sonhos de Freud, Politzer abriu uma concepção de psicologia nova em seu tempo. Suas obras, que Lacan utilizará em sua tese para abordar o fenômeno paranóico, participaram de um violento debate dentro do movimento comunista dividido entre anti-Freudianismo e Freudo-Marxismo. Ao dar um lugar essencial à fala, à narrativa, Politzer reivindicou uma psicologia concreta. A sua recusa da doutrina freudiana, segundo ele dependente da tradição metafísica da psicologia, incluía também a hipótese do inconsciente numa crítica severa do realismo, uma inclusão que nunca foi aceita por Lacan, que lhe opôs a premissa de que o inconsciente é estruturado como uma linguagem. Esta orientação imporia logicamente um realismo de estrutura que se articula, por sua vez, com a falta da causa empírica.

In 1928, in his Critique of the Foundations of Psychology, G. Politzer presented the features of a psychology aimed at reformulating academic experimental psychology. Based on Freud's theory of dreams, Politzer presents a concept of psychology that was completely new at that time. Lacan drew inspiration from his work for his thesis on paranoia and took part in a violent debate by the communist movement, which was divided between anti-Freudianism and Freudo-Marxism. By giving an essential place to speech, to narrative, Politzer claimed a concrete psychology. His refusal of Freud's doctrine, which he thought depended on the metaphysical tradition of psychology, also included the hypothesis of the unconscious in a severe critique of realism, an inclusion which Lacan rejected and opposed with the premise that the unconscious is structured like a language. This orientation would logically impose a realism of structure that is related, in turn, to the lack of the empirical cause.

En 1928, en su Crítica de los Fundamentos de la Psicología, G. Politzer presentó las características de una psicología que pretendía reformar la psicología experimental universitaria. Partiendo de la teoría de los sueños de Freud, Politzer presentó una concepción de psicología novedosa para su época. Sus trabajos, que Lacan utilizará en su tesis para abordar el fenómeno de la paranoia, formaron parte de un debate violento dentro del movimiento comunista dividido entre en antifreudianismo y el freudomarxismo. Al dar un lugar esencial al discurso, a la narrativa, Politzer reivindicó una psicología concreta. Su rechazo a la doctrina freudiana, que según él dependía de la tradición metafísica de la psicología, incluía también la hipótesis del inconsciente en una crítica severa del realismo, una inclusión que nunca sería aceptada por Lacan, que se oponía a ella con la premisa de que el inconsciente es estructurado como un lenguaje. Esta orientación impondría lógicamente un realismo de la estructura que se articula, a su vez, a la falla de la causa empírica.

Presence of antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects of the chalcone 1E,4E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one using in vitro and in vivo assays.

Chalcones are chemically defined as α,ß-unsaturated ketones with a 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one nucleus. These compounds occur naturally in plants and are considered precursors of flavonoids. Given that evaluating genetic toxicology tests is essential in investigating the safe use and chemopreventive potential of different natural and synthetic compounds, this study aimed to assess the genotoxic, cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, and anticytotoxic activity of the chalcone 1E,4E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (CAB7ß). The CAB7ß was synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt reaction. The Ames test was applied using the co-treatment model as well as a micronucleus assay of mouse bone marrow with co-, pre- and post-treatment models. Our results indicate no genotoxic effect for CAB7ß in any of the tests applied. At all the concentrations used, CAB7ß showed a significant DNA protective effect against the mutagenic action of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and sodium azide according to the Ames test, and against doxorubicin in the co-, pre- and post-treatment models of the micronucleus assay. CAB7ß alone displayed cytotoxic activity in the micronucleus test. At concentrations of 12,5 and 50 µg/plate, CAB7ß showed a moderate cytotoxic profile only in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. However, an anticytotoxic effect was observed against S. typhimurium strain TA100 for all the concentrations tested and during co-, pre- and post-treatment in the micronucleus assay. It was concluded that CAB7ß exhibited a slightly cytotoxic effect in S. typhimurium strain TA98 and significant antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic effects in cells of mouse, making it a promising candidate in chemoprevention and possibly in the development of new cancer treatments.

A new species of Apostolepis (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Elapomorphini) from the Cerrado of Central Brazil.

We describe a new species of the genus Apostolepis found near São Salvador Hydroelectric Power Plant, municipality of São Salvador do Tocantins, in the central Cerrado ecoregion. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: presence of eleven dorsolateral stripes, five infralabial scales and the lack of preoculars scales. The new species shares some external characteristics mainly with A. arenaria, A. gaboi and A. nelsonjorgei, with which it is compared.

Optical properties and antiangiogenic activity of a chalcone derivate.

Chalcones and their derivatives exhibit numerous pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory. Recently, they have been assessed aiming for novel application in nonlinear optics and in the treatment of immune diseases and cancers. In this study, we investigate the optical properties of synthetic chalcona 1E,4E-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one (CAB7ß) and its antiangiogenic potential using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) with the S180 sarcoma cell line. Experimental and theoretical results show intense absorption in the UVA-UVC region, which is associated with a π → π* transition with intramolecular charge transfer from the trimethyl-cyclohexen-1-yl ring to the chlorophenyl ring. Quantum chemical calculations of the first hyperpolarizability, accounting for both solvent and frequency dispersion effects, are in very good concordance with hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurements. In addition, two-photon absorption allowed band centered at 650 nm was observed. Concerning antiangiogenic activity, CAB7ß causes a significant reduction in the total number, junctions, length and caliber of blood vessels stimulated by S180 cells reducing the presence of blood vessels, inflammatory cells and others elements related to angiogenic process. It is found that CAB7ß is a versatile compound and a promising candidate for linear and nonlinear optical applications, in therapy against sarcoma and phototherapy.

A new species of Apostolepis (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Elapomorphini) from the Cerrado of Central Brazil

We describe a new species of the genus Apostolepis found near São Salvador Hydroelectric Power Plant, municipality of São Salvador do Tocantins, in the central Cerrado ecoregion. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: presence of eleven dorsolateral stripes, five infralabial scales and the lack of preoculars scales. The new species shares some external characteristics mainly with A. arenaria, A. gaboi and A. nelsonjorgei, with which it is compared.

A new species of Apostolepis (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Elapomorphini) from the Cerrado of Central Brazil

We describe a new species of the genus Apostolepis found near São Salvador Hydroelectric Power Plant, municipality of São Salvador do Tocantins, in the central Cerrado ecoregion. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: presence of eleven dorsolateral stripes, five infralabial scales and the lack of preoculars scales. The new species shares some external characteristics mainly with A. arenaria, A. gaboi and A. nelsonjorgei, with which it is compared.

Descrevemos uma nova espécie do gênero Apostolepis, encontrada próxima à Hidrelétrica de São Salvador, Município de São Salvador do Tocantins, no centro da Ecoregião Cerrado. A nova espécie distingue-se de seus congêneres pelas seguinte combinação de caracteres: presença de onze estrias dorsolaterais, cinco escamas infralabiais e ausência das escamas preoculares. A espécie nova compartilha algumas características externas principalmente com A. arenaria, A. gaboi e A. nelsonjorgei, com as quais é detalhadamente comparada

IMMUNOMODULATING EFFECTS OF THE PURIFIED HEV B 13 FRACTION ON SEPTIC RATS.

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection that occurs when chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammatory responses throughout the body, especially in the acute phase of the disease, producing excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to multiple organ injury and death. The Hev b 13 fraction has demonstrated biological activity capable of inducing IL-10 production and shrinking inflammatory disease lesions. AIM: To investigate the immunomodulating effects of the Hev b 13 fraction on septic rats. METHODS: Acinetobacter baumannii was injected into the peritoneal cavity of the animals after sustaining a lesion in the pancreas, with the stomach as an entry point. After 10 h of infection, they were euthanized for blood and lung collection, followed by total and differential leukocyte count, determination of cytokine level and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Administering a single dose of the Hev b 13 fraction 2 h after sepsis induction significantly decreased total leukocyte count. Higher IL-10 and IL-4 and lower IL-6 production shrank the lung tissue lesions compared to the control groups. CONCLUSION: The Hev b 13 fraction exhibits an anti-inflammatory tendency, with potential for sepsis treatment.

O mal-estar na identificação: diferenças entre Fernando Pessoa e o sujeito pós-moderno / Discontents in identification: differences between Fernando Pessoa and the postmodern subject

O artigo argumenta a partir da hipótese de uma relação de simetria inversa entre Pessoa e o sujeito pós-moderno: Pessoa desconstrói a identidade em um mundo estruturado segundo identidades fixas, enquanto o sujeito pós-moderno busca se apoiar em uma identidade num mundo onde ela parece não funcionar mais em vista de um novo contexto socioeconômico. O texto traz exemplos ilustrativos das identificações, da economia e dos destinos pulsionais dos sujeitos em cada um dos momentos da cultura, o moderno e o pós-moderno, e conclui com algumas considerações sobre a relação entre as hipóteses freudianas do mal-estar na civilização e a situação atual, assim como suas possíveis soluções para as exigências pulsionais.

The article assumes the hypothesis of a relation of inverse symmetry between Pessoa and the postmodern subject: Pessoa deconstructs identity in a world structured according to fixed identities, while the postmodern subject seeks to rely on an identity in a world where it seems to no longer work due to a new socio-economic context. The text provides illustrative examples of the identifications, the economy and the drive destinies of the subjects in each of the moments of the culture: the modern and the postmodern, and concludes with some considerations on the relations between the freudian hypothesis exposed in Civilisation and its discontents and the present social situation as well as its possible solutions for the drive exigences.

Immunomodulating effects of the purified hev b 13 fraction on septic rats / Efeitos imunomoduladores da fração purificada hev b 13 em ratos com sepse

ABSTRACT Background: Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening complication of an infection that occurs when chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammatory responses throughout the body, especially in the acute phase of the disease, producing excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to multiple organ injury and death. The Hev b 13 fraction has demonstrated biological activity capable of inducing IL-10 production and shrinking inflammatory disease lesions. Aim: To investigate the immunomodulating effects of the Hev b 13 fraction on septic rats. Methods: Acinetobacter baumannii was injected into the peritoneal cavity of the animals after sustaining a lesion in the pancreas, with the stomach as an entry point. After 10 h of infection, they were euthanized for blood and lung collection, followed by total and differential leukocyte count, determination of cytokine level and histopathological analysis. Results: Administering a single dose of the Hev b 13 fraction 2 h after sepsis induction significantly decreased total leukocyte count. Higher IL-10 and IL-4 and lower IL-6 production shrank the lung tissue lesions compared to the control groups. Conclusion: The Hev b 13 fraction exhibits an anti-inflammatory tendency, with potential for sepsis treatment.

RESUMO Racional: Sepse se correlaciona com a ruptura do complexo equilíbrio entre os mediadores inflamatórios, que principalmente na fase aguda da doença, produz exacerbadamente citocinas pró-inflamatórias levando a lesão de múltiplos órgãos e morte. A fração Hev b 13 tem demonstrado atividade biológica capaz de induzir a produção de IL-10 e regredir lesões de doenças inflamatórias. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos imunomoduladores da fração Hev b 13 em ratos com sepse. Métodos: Foi injetado Acinetobacter baumannii na cavidade peritoneal dos animais após lesão no pâncreas e estômago como porta de entrada. Após 10 h de infecção, foi realizada eutanásia para coleta de sangue e pulmões, em seguida, contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, dosagem de citocinas e histopatologia para análise. Resultados: A administração de dose única da fração Hev b 13, 2 h após a indução de sepse, diminuiu significativamente a contagem total de leucócitos. Associado a maior produção de IL-10 e IL-4, e menor de IL-6, atenuou as lesões nos tecidos pulmonares em comparação com os grupos controles. Conclusão: A fração Hev b 13 apresenta tendência anti-inflamatória, com potencialidades no tratamento da sepse.

Letra e escrita na obra de Jacques Lacan / Letter and writing in the work of Jacques Lacan / La letra y la escritura en la obra de Jacques Lacan / La lettre et l'écriture dans l'œuvre de Jacques Lacan

Os autores apresentam a letra na obra do psicanalista francês Jacques Lacan como conceito que trata de uma leitura e de uma escrita do inconsciente. Para tanto, faremos uma apresentação do conceito no seminário 9 L'identification (Lacan, 1961-1962), particularmente nas lições de 6/12/1961, 13/12/1961, 20/12/1961 e 10/1/1962. Com base na relação entre traço e letra, signo e significante esperamos demonstrar uma diferença no entendimento do conceito comparativamente ao texto L'instance de la lettre, de 1957, quando letra surge pela primeira vez formalizada na obra do autor e voltada principalmente para a leitura do inconsciente

The authors focus on the notion of letter in the work of the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. In other words, letter would refer to both a reading and a writing of the unconscious. Therefore, we shall present this concept as described in the Seminar 9, L'identification (Lacan, 1961-1962), particularly in the lectures on December, 6th, 13th, and 20th, 1961, and on January, 10th, 1962. Our purpose is to demonstrate a different way of understanding this concept, by starting from the relation between trace and letter, sign and signifier. As such, our way is different than the one of The instance of the letter, originally delivered in 1957, in which letter was first formalized in Lacan's work and was especially focused on the reading of the unconscious

Los autores enfocan la noción de letra en la obra del psicoanalista francés Jacques Lacan como un concepto que se refiere a una lectura y una escritura del inconsciente. Presentan este concepto, descrito en el seminario 9, L'identification (Lacan, 1961-1962), particularmente, en las lecciones de 6/12/1961, 13/12/1961, 20/12/1961 y 10/1/1962. A partir de la relación entre trazo y letra, signo y significante proponen una comprensión diferente del concepto de letra tal como fue formulado por primera vez en la obra de Lacan, en el texto de 1957 L'instance de la lettre, en el que este término se refiere principalmente a la lectura del inconsciente

Notre article s'occupera de la lettre chez le psychanalyste Jacques Lacan, comme un concept qui traite d'une lecture et d'une écriture de l'inconscient. Nous ferons une présentation du concept dans le séminaire 9, L'identification (Lacan, 1961-1962), en particulier les leçons de 6/12/1961, 13/12/1961, 20/12/1961 et 10/1/1962. À partir du rapport entre le trait et la lettre, le signe et le signifiant, on espère démontrer une différence dans la compréhension du concept vis-à-vis du texte L'instance de la lettre de 1957, où la lettre apparait pour la première fois formalisée et dirigée principalement à la lecture de l'inconscient

Antigenotoxicity protection of Carapa guianensis oil against mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective of C. guianensis oil against MMC and CP, which are direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, using the micronucleus test. Three experiments were performed. First the C. guianensis oil was co-administered to mice at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw with 4 mg/kg bw MMC or 50 mg/kg bw CP. Second, the mutagenic drug (CP) was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw and after 6 and 12 hours 250 and 500 mg/kg bw of C. guianensis oil were administered. In the last, C. guianensis oil was administrated (250 and 500 mg/kg bw) during five days and after it was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw CP. The results obtained showed that the C. guianensis oil is not cytotoxic neither genotoxic to mouse bone marrow. Regarding the antimutagenic effect, all doses of C. guianensis oil were significantly (p < 0.05) effective in reducing the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, when compared with MMC or CP alone. Based on these results, our results suggest that the C. guianensis oil shows medicinal potential as an antimutagenic agent, modulating the mutagenicity caused by both direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, in a mammalian model.

Physicochemical/photophysical characterization and angiogenic properties of Curcuma longa essential oil.

This study analyzed the physicochemical and photophysical properties of essential oil of Curcuma longa and its angiogenic potential. The results showed that curcumin is the main fluorescent component present in the oil, although the amount is relatively small. The experimental chorioallantoic membrane model was used to evaluate angiogenic activity, showing a significant increase in the vascular network of Curcuma longa and positive control groups when compared to the neutral and inhibitor controls (P <0.05), but no significant difference was found between Curcuma longa essential oil and the positive control (P >0.05). Histological analysis showed extensive neovascularization, hyperemia and inflammation in the positive control group and Curcuma longa when compared to other controls (P <0.05), characteristic factors of the angiogenesis process. In conclusion, Curcuma longa oil showed considerable proangiogenic activity and could be a potential compound in medical applications.

Epistemologia psiquiátrica e marketing farmacêutico: novos modos de subjetivação / Psychiatric epistemology and pharmaceutical marketing: new modes of subjectivation

Trata-se aqui de examinar o modo como a "epistemologia" convencionalista e "ateórica" do DSM vem ao encontro, se articula e se insere nas novas gramáticas da produção de consumo do marketing. Com efeito, a insularização do sofrimento em torno dos sintomas e o princípio convencionalista da classificação das doenças se constituíram em uma parte perfeitamente ajustada ao que é almejado pelos profissionais de marketing: uma história única estruturada em torno da descrição de um problema e sua solução. O desenvolvimento de uma epistemologia duplamente flexível na nomeação de entidades nosográficas permite que ela se adapte tanto às descobertas de novos medicamentos, fornecendo retroativamente a eles suas "doenças", quanto que ela desestigmatize sofrimentos a partir de deslocamentos dos critérios de normalidade. Dessa narrativa, o sujeito está excluído apenas como responsável, pois sua participação como consumidor é essencial. A formação do sujeito nessa nova função implica o estabelecimento dos novos "jogos de verdade" do marketing farmacêutico.(AU)

The aim of the article is to examine how DSM's conventionalist and "a-theoretical" epistemology meets, articulates, and inserts itself in the new grammars of the consuming production of marketing. Indeed, the insularization of suffering around the symptoms and the conventionalist principle of disease classification of diseases have become a perfectly adjusted part to what is desired by marketing professionals: a single story structured around the description of a problem and its solution. The development of a double flexible epistemology about nominating nosographic entities allows it to adapt to both the discoveries of new drugs, providing retroactively to them their own "diseases", as well as the possibility to de-stigmatize sufferings through the displacement of the criteria of normality. In this narrative, the subject is excluded only as the responsible person, once his participation as a consumer is essential. The formation of the subject to assume this new function implies the introduction of the new "games of truth" of the pharmaceutical marketing.(AU)

Elipses freudianas: as práticas e usos do corpo como sintoma da subjetividade neoliberal / Freudian ellipses: the practices and uses of the body as a symptom of neoliberal subjectivity

Assumindo que, em psicanálise, os sofrimentos individuais remetem a formas gerais do discurso, visamos discutir os pressupostos metodológicos que permitem o pensamento freudiano chegar às condições sociais de possibilidade dos sofrimentos individuais. Com efeito, tal recuo permite que, em um segundo momento, Freud considere como sintomáticas as formas discursivas convencionalmente consideradas como normais. Busca-se assim tomar as modificações corporais como sintomas da cultura atual, marcadas pelo que Lacan chamou de discurso da ciência e discurso capitalista e que se organizam em torno do que o discurso neoliberal promove como um sujeito ideal.

Assuming that in Psychoanalysis the individual suffering refers to general forms of speech, we aim to discuss the methodological assumptions which enable the Freudian thought to infer the social conditions of possibility of individual suffering. Such assumptions allow Freud, in a second moment, to consider as symptomatic some discursive forms conventionally considered as normal. So, we attempt to take the body modifications as symptoms of the current culture , marked by what Lacan called the discourse of science and the capitalist discourse and which are organized upon what the neoliberal discourse prones as an ideal subject.

EFFECTS OF TOPICAL TREATMENT WITH EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI LATEX ON THE SURVIVAL AND INTESTINAL ADHESIONS IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL PERITONITIS / EFEITOS DO TRATAMENTO TÓPICO COM O LÁTEX DA EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI NA SOBREVIDA E NAS ADERÊNCIAS INTESTINAIS DE RATOS COM PERITONITE EXPERIMENTAL

Background: The use of plants of the family Euphorbiaceae, particularly Euphorbia tirucalli (avelós) has been popularly widespread for treating a variety of diseases of infectious, tumoral, and inflammatory. Aim: To demonstrated antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of these extracts, evaluating the effect of a topical treatment with an aqueous solution of avelós latex on the survival and on intestinal adhesions in rats with experimental peritonitis. Methods: Peritonitis was induced in 24 Wistar rats, that were randomized into four groups of six as follows: (1) Control group (n=6), no treatment; (2) Antibiotic group (n=6), treatment with a single intramuscular dose of antibiotic Unasyn; (3) Saline group (n=6), the abdominal cavity was washed with 0.9% saline; and (4) E.tirucalli group (n=6), the abdominal cavity was washed with E. tirucalli at a concentration of 12 mg/ml. The animals that died were necropsied, and the time of death was recorded. The survivors were killed on postoperative day 11, and necropsy was subsequently performed for evaluation of the intestinal adhesions. Results: Significant differences were observed in the control and antibiotic groups (p<0.01) with respect to the survival hours when compared with the saline and E. tirucalli groups. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the survival of animals in the saline andE. tirucalli groups; however, one animal died in the saline group. Necropsy of the animals in the saline and E. tirucalligroups showed strong adhesions resistant to manipulation, between the intestinal loops and abdominal wall. The remaining groups did not show any adhesions. Conclusions: Topical treatment with E. tirucalli latex stimulated an increased formation of intestinal adhesions and prevented the death of all animals with peritonitis.

Racional: O uso de plantas da família Euphorbiaceae, principalmente a Euphorbia tirucalli (avelós), tem sido popularmente difundido para o tratamento de uma variedade de doenças de natureza infecciosa, tumoral e inflamatória. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do tratamento tópico com a solução aquosa do látex do avelós na sobrevida e nas aderências intestinas de ratos com peritonite experimental. Métodos: Foi induzido peritonite em 24 ratos Wistar e randomizados em quatro grupos de seis, assim distribuídos: 1) Controle - (n=6), nenhum tratamento; 2) Antibiótico - (n=6), tratamento com dose única intramuscular de antibiótico Unasyn (Pfizer - São Paulo); 3) Salina - (n=6), lavagem da cavidade abdominal com solução fisiológica 0,9%; 4) E.Tirucalli - (n=6), lavagem da cavidade abdominal com E. tirucalli na concentração de 12 mg/ml. Os animais que morreram foram submetidos à necropsia e o horário do óbito anotado. Os sobreviventes foram submetidos à eutanásia no 11odia de pós-operatório e, posteriormente, realizou-se a necropsia para avaliação da formação de aderências. Resultados: Os grupos controle e antibiótico obtiveram diferença significativa (p<0,01) com relação às horas de vida entre os grupos salina e E. tirucalli. Não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05) na sobrevida dos animais dos grupos salina e E. tirucalli, no entanto, houve um óbito no grupo salina. A necropsia dos animais dos grupos salina e E. tirucalli mostrou aderências firmes e resistentes à manipulação entre alças intestinais e parede abdominal. Os demais grupos não tiveram formação de aderências. Conclusão: O tratamento tópico com o látex da E. tirucalli estimulou maior formação de aderências intestinais e evitou o óbito de todos animais com peritonite até o período avaliado.

Segredo e performatividade: Uma reflexão psicanalítica sobre o enfraquecimento das narrativas identitárias / Secrecy and performativity: A psychoanalytic reflection on the weakening of identity narratives

Analisamos dois casos de publicidade e um sobre o tratamento político dado ao direito ao segredo (Snowden) que ocorrem em uma forma pastiche (Jameson). Essa forma performativa acarreta o enfraquecimento da potência da revelação da verdade, colocando assim em xeque a principal ferramenta terapêutica da Psicanálise. Contudo, a metapsicologia freudiana dá origem, a partir das teses de Além do princípio do prazer, a um modelo de subjetividade aberta. Esse modelo é capaz de articular a forma pastiche do segredo com o enfraquecimento das narrativas identitárias, e este último com melhores formas de tratamento do segredo.

We have analyzed two cases of advertising and one on the political treatment of the right to secrecy (Snowden) that occur in a pastiche form (Jameson). This performative way entails the weakening of the power of revelation of truth, thus putting into question the main therapeutic tool of psychoanalysis. However, the Freudian metapsychology gives rise from the theses of Beyond the Pleasure Principle, to a model of open subjectivity. This model is able to articulate the pastiche form of secrecy with the weakening of identity narratives, and the latter with better ways of treating secret.

Angiogenic activity of sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus) oil / Atividade angiogênica do óleo de sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus)

Aims: To assess the angiogenic activity of sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus) oil, popularly used as an antirheumatic, analgesic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory agent. Methods: The chick (Gallus domesticus) embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used as an experimental model, incubated in a temperature- and humidity- controlled automatic incubator during the first five days. A circular hole was made at the wider base of the eggshell on the fifth day. After 13 days of incubation, filter paper discs containing sucupira oil and control substances were inserted into the CAM. Subsequently, the CAMs were removed and submitted to analysis and quantification of the vascular network. The nonparametric KruskalWallis test, followed by Dunn's test, was used for the statistical analysis, and differences between the samples were set at a 5% level (p<0.05). Results: Sucupira oil at a concentration of 1g/mL induced a significant increase in the percentage area of the CAM vascular network of the embryonated chicken eggs, when compared with the neutral control (water) and inhibitory control (dexamethasone) groups (p<0.001). However, no significant difference in the induction of the CAM vascular network (p>0.05) was demonstrated between the oil and the positive control (Biocure) groups. Conclusions: The sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus) bean oil induced the formation of new blood vessels under the experimental conditions of the present study.

Objetivos: Avaliar a atividade angiogênica do óleo de sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus), popularmente utilizado como antirreumático, analgésico, antimicrobiano e anti-inflamatório. Métodos: Foi aplicado como modelo experimental o ensaio na membrana corioalantóidea (MCA) de ovo embrionado de galinha (Gallus domesticus). Os ovos foram incubados em estufa automática com temperatura e umidade controladas durante os primeiros cinco dias. No quinto dia foi realizada uma abertura circular na base maior da casca do ovo. No 13º dia de incubação, discos de papel de filtro contendo óleo de sucupira e as substâncias controle foram inseridos sobre vasos da MCA. Posteriormente, as MCAs foram removidas e passaram por análise e quantificação da rede vascular. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido de Dunn, sendo os valores aceitáveis para diferenças significativas entre as amostras de p<0.05. Resultados: O óleo da fava de sucupira na concentração de 1g/mL induziu um aumento significativo na área de porcentagem da rede vascular na MCA do ovo embrionado de galinha, quando comparados aos grupos controles neutro (água) e inibidor (dexametasona) (p<0.001). Porém, não foi demonstrada diferença significativa entre o óleo e o controle positivo (Biocure) na indução da rede vascular na MCA (p>0.05). Conclusões: O óleo da fava de sucupira (Pterodon emarginatus), nas condições deste experimento, foi responsável pela formação de novos vasos sanguíneos.